Viral gastroenteritis can be caused by various viruses including rotaviruses, adenoviruses, caliciviruses, astroviruses, Norwalk virus and a group of Noroviruses.
Reservoir
Probably humans. The animal viruses do not produce disease in humans.
Incubation period
24 - 72 hours.
Signs and Symptoms
- Watery diarrhoea
- Vomiting
- Headache Fever
- Abdominal cramps
Symptoms may last from 1 - 10 days depending on which virus causes the illness.
Diagnosis
- Clinical judgement
- Stool specimens (for specific diagnosis)
Treatment
In most cases the illness is self-limiting. Hydration: Oral rehydration is generally enough but hospitalisation and intravenous fluids may be required if severe.
Control and Prevention
Frequent hand washing, prompt disinfection of contaminated surfaces with household chlorine bleach-bases cleaners, and prompt washing of soiled articles of clothing.
If food or water is thought to be contaminated, it should be avoided.